Publication:

Maternal mental health matters: understanding postpartum depression using EPDS

Background Postnatal depression (PND) is a global public health concern with significant implications for maternal and infant health. It is a common but underdiagnosed mental health disorder affecting women during the postpartum period, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. A validated screening tool such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is essential for early detection and prevention of adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at BJRM Hospital, Delhi in 250 postpartum women using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. A score ≥13 indicated probable depression and data was analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results Probable postnatal depression (EPDS≥13) was observed in 23% (n=59), with 17% showing possible depression (EPDS 10–12) mainly anxiety symptoms. Mean EPDS scores did not show any significant association with maternal age(p=0.086), parity (p=0.086) or mode of delivery (p=0.363). There was significant association of EPDS scores with the newborn sex (p=0.002).

Conclusions Nearly 25% of postpartum women screened positive for probable depression. Extremes of maternal age, primiparity, mode of delivery and sex of newborn were associated with higher EPDS scores. Routine postpartum screening using EPDS should be integrated into maternal health services to enable early identification and timely intervention.