Publication:

Risk stratification of hoarseness of voice: impact of lifestyle factors, symptom duration, and occupation on malignancy

Background Hoarseness of voice is a common clinical presentation with causes ranging from benign conditions to laryngeal malignancy. Early identification of high-risk patients is essential for timely diagnosis and improved outcomes. This study evaluated occupational and lifestyle predictors of malignancy in patients presenting with hoarseness of voice.

Methods A retrospective analytical study was conducted on 60 patients presenting with hoarseness of voice over a two-year period. Clinical and demographic variables including age, sex, residence, occupation, symptom duration, and addictive habits were analysed. Patients were categorized into malignant and non-malignant groups. Associations were assessed using Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results Among 60 patients, 21 (35%) had malignant lesions. Malignancy was more common in males, patients above 40 years, and those from rural areas. Combined addictive habits (smoking with alcohol consumption) showed a strong association with malignancy (OR 8.9, p<0.001). Symptoms lasting more than 3 months were also significantly associated with malignancy (OR 7.0, p=0.006). Multivariate analysis identified combined addictive habits (AOR 7.8, p=0.001) and prolonged symptom duration (AOR 6.2, p=0.004) as independent predictors.

Conclusions Malignancy in patients with hoarseness of voice is strongly associated with combined addictive habits and delayed presentation. Early evaluation of persistent hoarseness, especially in high-risk individuals, is essential for timely diagnosis and improved outcomes.