Publication:

Beyond recovery: post COVID-19 complications

Background Although most patients recover from the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a substantial proportion continue to experience persistent symptoms and organ-specific complications, collectively referred to as post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS). These manifestations like pulmonary fibrosis emerging as a significant long-term concern, particularly among those with moderate to severe illness. Data on the prevalence, spectrum, and risk factors of post-COVID complications from the Indian subcontinent remain limited.

Methods A prospective study was conducted at the department of pulmonary medicine, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, involving 100 patients who recovered from acute COVID-19. Data collection included assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months post-recovery, using the WHO Global COVID-19 Clinical Platform Case Report Form. HRCT chest scans and relevant investigations were performed, with statistical analysis conducted using SPSS version 26.

Results 68% of participants developed PCS, with higher incidence among older patients (>60 years, 57.3%) and females (44.1%). Complications observed were pulmonary fibrosis (26.4%), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary thromboembolism (2.9%), heart failure (2.9%), tuberculosis (1.4%), and pneumothorax (1.4%). Significant associations were found between PCS and factors such as age, sex, smoking, severity of COVID-19, admission status, and vaccination status (p<0.05).

Conclusions PCS is prevalent among recovered COVID-19 patients, especially older adults, females, smokers, and those with severe illness. Vaccination appears to have a protective role. Long-term follow-up and comprehensive rehabilitation programs are essential for managing PCS, particularly for high-risk groups.