Publication:

Association of iron deficiency anemia with febrile seizures in pediatric patients

Background Febrile seizures are the most common seizure disorder in children, occurring in 2-5% of those aged 6 months to 5 years. Although usually benign, they cause significant parental anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the association of iron deficiency anemia with febrile seizures in pediatric patients.

Methods A hospital-based prospective case-control study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, American international institute of medical sciences, Udaipur, from March 2023 to August 2024. A total of 100 children aged 6 months-5 years were enrolled, including 50 with febrile seizures (cases) and 50 age-matched febrile children without seizures (controls). Hematological parameters (Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and ferritin) and serum electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺) were measured.

Results The mean hemoglobin level was significantly lower in cases (9.18±1.86 g/dL) compared to controls (10.65±1.12 g/dL; p=0.001). Other red cell indices and ferritin were lower in cases but not statistically significant. Electrolyte levels were comparable in both groups. Hospitalization was required more frequently among cases (60%) than controls (8%; p<0.001). Complex seizures (62%) were more common than simple seizures (38%), and nearly half (46%) had recurrent episodes.

Conclusions The study demonstrates a significant association between low hemoglobin and febrile seizures, reinforcing IDA as an important, modifiable risk factor. Routine screening and correction of anemia in early childhood may reduce the incidence and recurrence of febrile seizures.