Publication:

Perceptions and responses to climate change: a community-based study in Assam, India

Background Assam is among India’s most climate-sensitive regions, facing rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, floods, and landslides. These environmental changes significantly affect health, livelihoods, agriculture, and access to essential services. Understanding community perceptions and responses is crucial for designing effective, locally appropriate climate-adaptation strategies. This study aimed to assess community awareness and perceptions of climate change, its impacts on health and livelihoods, and the coping and adaptation strategies used by households in five climate-vulnerable districts of Assam.

Methods A community-based cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in Cachar, Hailakandi, Karimganj, Dima Hasao, and Karbi Anglong districts between May and November 2024. Quantitative data were collected from 200 participants using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, climate awareness, perceived environmental changes, climate-linked health issues, and adaptive capacity. Six focus group discussions were conducted to capture qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression; qualitative data were analysed thematically and triangulated with survey findings.

Results Of the participants, 65% were aware of climate change, with education emerging as a strong predictor of awareness (aOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.3–6.2). A large majority (88%) reported more intense heatwaves, and 90% noted an increase in summer diseases. However, only 35% perceived increased disease during the rainy season. Respondents reported significant impacts on agriculture, water availability, livelihood stability, and healthcare access during floods and landslides. Qualitative findings reinforced these perceptions and highlighted limited knowledge of early warning systems and government adaptation measures.

Conclusions Climate variability significantly affects health and livelihoods in Assam. Strengthening climate-resilient health systems, improving risk communication, and integrating local knowledge into adaptation planning are essential.