Publication:

A study on the role of endoscopic evaluation in subfertile couples undergoing treatment for infertility

Background Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples globally, with increasing numbers seeking medical assistance. Endoscopic procedures such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy play a pivotal role in identifying and managing anatomical causes of female subfertility. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic value of endoscopic evaluation in subfertile couples undergoing infertility treatment.

Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Akola, from September 2023 to June 2025. A total of 116 subfertile women aged 18-35 years with primary or secondary infertility underwent combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic findings were analysed, and patients were followed up for six months to assess conception outcomes.

Results The majority of participants (87.93%) were aged 26-35 years, with primary infertility comprising 66.38% of cases. Laparoscopic abnormalities were found in 44.83% of patients tubal (27.58%), ovarian (17.24%), uterine (13.79%), and peritoneal (5.17%) factors. Hysteroscopy revealed abnormalities in 32.76% of women, the most common being endometrial polyps (12.94%) and submucous fibroids (6.90%). Therapeutic procedures such as adhesiolysis, septal resection, and polypectomy were performed in 41 patients. Within six months, 59.72% of women achieved conception.

Conclusions Combined laparo-hysteroscopic evaluation serves as a safe, effective, and comprehensive modality for both diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. Early integration of endoscopy in infertility work-up enhances detection of correctable pathology and improves conception outcomes, particularly in unexplained or long-standing infertility.