Publication:

Understanding resilience among adolescents: an overview

Adolescence signifies a vital stage in human development characterised by intense physical, cognitive, emotional, and social transitions that bridge the gap between childhood and adulthood. During this stage, adolescents face multiple challenges such as mood fluctuations, social pressures, identity conflicts, academic expectations, exposure to online stressors, and engagement in risk-taking behaviours. These factors can heighten susceptibility to psychological difficulties; however, adolescence also provides a unique window to strengthen resilience that shapes long-term mental and emotional health. Resilience refers to the ability to maintain or regain positive functioning in the face of hardship, stress, or trauma. It is not a fixed trait but a dynamic process influenced by individual attributes, interpersonal relationships, and contextual environments. Fostering resilience during adolescence contributes to better emotional well-being, improved academic outcomes, and stronger social relationships while reducing vulnerability to anxiety, depression, and behavioural problems. Comprehensive approaches, including mindfulness training, social and emotional learning, mentoring relationships, and positive school environments, have demonstrated success in enhancing coping capacities and self-efficacy. Building resilience thus requires collaboration among parents, educators, and community systems to create nurturing contexts that empower adolescents. Strengthened resilience not only helps adolescents to navigate immediate life challenges but also equips them with enduring skills to manage stress, pursue goals, and contribute constructively to society. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resilience and the strategies to promote it remains essential for stakeholders seeking to advance adolescent mental health and holistic development. This review explores the concept of resilience, its major protective factors, and evidence-based strategies to enhance resilience among adolescents.