Publication:

Stitching through strain: a cross-sectional study on distribution and determinants of chronic musculoskeletal and ocular discomfort in rural Zari embroidery workers of West Bengal, India

Background Zari embroidery supports many artisans but poses health risks, including musculoskeletal-disorders and ocular discomfort due to repetitive work. Workers experience chronic pain and eye strain, yet these health challenges receive limited attention. This study investigates the factors contributing to these health issues among zari workers in rural West Bengal, India.

Methods This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 330 embroidery workers from March 2023 to January 2024. Cluster sampling selected 30 villages, followed by random selection of 11 participants per village. Data collection involved structured interviews and necessary instruments. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression identified the determinants of chronic musculoskeletal and ocular discomfort.

Results Out of 330 participants, 271 (82.1%) reported chronic musculoskeletal discomfort, with low back pain (69.7%) and neck pain (57.5%) being the most common sites. Key modifiable determinants of chronic musculoskeletal discomfort included psychological stress (aOR=1.03, p<0.001), longer work duration (uOR=2.68, p=0.02), and extended working hours (aOR=8.04, p<0.001) whereas, for chronic ocular discomfort, reported by 189 (57.2%) participants, where long work duration (uOR=2.32, p=0.01), working at a stretch (aOR=2.20, p=0.02), and night-time work (aOR=4.20, p=0.01) revealed as major determinants.

Conclusions The study reveals a high prevalence of musculoskeletal and ocular discomfort among zari workers highlighting the urgent need for improved occupational health policies and ergonomic interventions.