Publication:

Role of pulse oximetry screening at 1 hour and 24 hours for early detection of congenital heart disease in newborns

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies affecting newborns worldwide. Early detection of critical CHD is essential for reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pulse oximetry screening is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool for early identification of hypoxemia associated with congenital cardiac defects.

Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, from 1st January 2026 to 31st march 2026. A total of 116 term neonates underwent pulse oximetry screening at 1 hour and 24 hours after birth using pre-ductal and post-ductal oxygen saturation measurements.

Results Among the screened neonates, 57 (49.1%) were males and 59 (50.9%) were females. Three neonates (2.6%) screened positive and were referred for echocardiographic evaluation. Majority of neonates remained asymptomatic during screening.

Conclusions Pulse oximetry screening is an effective and feasible screening modality for early detection of CHD in asymptomatic newborns.