Publication:

Through the lens: a retrospective observational study of hysteroscopic findings in women attending a rural tertiary care centre

Background Hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard modality for direct visualization of the uterine cavity and evaluation of intrauterine pathology. It serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in gynaecological practice. With increasing use of minimally invasive techniques, hysteroscopy has become an essential tool in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and postmenopausal bleeding.

Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a rural tertiary care centre. Medical records of women who underwent hysteroscopy during the study period were reviewed. Demographic details, indications for hysteroscopy, hysteroscopic findings and histopathological reports were collected from registers and digital hospital records. Data was analysed after entering into Google forms and Microsoft Excel.

Results Among the 157 patients studied, most were perimenopausal women aged 40–49 years, followed closely by those aged 30–39 years. Polyps were the commonest indication for hysteroscopy, followed by infertility and leiomyoma. Hysteroscopic findings most frequently revealed endocervical polyps and normal uterine cavities, while polypectomy was a common procedure performed. Histopathological examination predominantly showed proliferative endometrium, with smaller proportions demonstrating endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy.

Conclusion Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure which has proven to be valuable for evaluation of intrauterine pathology and provides accurate assessment of uterine cavity abnormalities. It plays a significant role in diagnosis and management planning in gynaecological practice.