Publication:

Effectiveness of community-based screening and counselling in reducing burden of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors: a follow-up study in tribal Jharkhand, India

Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes have become major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Initially labelled as diseases of affluence, NCDs are a rising concern in tribal populations due to delayed diagnosis, low health literacy, and poor access to healthcare. This study evaluated the impact of a community-based screening and counselling intervention on the burden of NCDs and risk factor modification in Boram block, Jharkhand.

Methods A pre-post interventional study was conducted on individuals screened in 2024 under the non-communicable diseases control initiative. 400 adults (>30 years) from a tribal population were followed up after 6 months by TATA steel Foundation. Anthropometry, blood pressure, and random blood sugar were measured using standard tools. Risk behaviours and treatment adherence were reassessed.

Results Significant improvements were observed in drug adherence, reduction in salt and tobacco use, increased physical activity, and improved awareness of hypertension/diabetes status. Blood pressure and waist circumference showed modest reduction post-intervention. Mean systolic BP reduced from 149.1±21.0 to 134.8±16.9 mmHg; diastolic BP from 91.5±11.1 to 82.8±10.1 mmHg; RBS from 146±56.3 to 132±36.2 mg/dl. Waist circumference and weight decreased significantly. Medication adherence improved from 35% to 72%; physical activity rose from 28% to 65%. All changes were statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions Community-based screening with structured counselling and referral improves NCD control and lifestyle behaviours in tribal settings. Future studies should include control groups and longer follow-up.