Publication:

A study on drug utilization pattern of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs in the medicine department of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are essential in the prevention and management of thromboembolic disorders, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Evaluation of prescribing patterns is necessary to ensure rational drug use and minimize adverse events. This study assessed the utilization patterns, prescribing appropriateness, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and treatment outcomes of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy.

Methods A six-month prospective observational study (November 2024 to April 2025) was conducted in the medicine ward, Coronary care unit, and Medicine intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu. Data from 100 patients receiving antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy were collected using a structured proforma and analyzed using JASP software.

Results Most patients were aged 51-70 years and were predominantly male. Hypertension (61%) and diabetes mellitus (47%) were the most common comorbidities, while coronary artery disease was the leading indication for therapy. Aspirin (93%), clopidogrel (74%) and heparin (47%) were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Dual antiplatelet therapy was commonly utilized and 41% of patients received combination therapy. Seventeen potential drug interactions and five adverse drug reactions were identified. Significant differences in treatment outcomes were observed among drug groups (p<0.05). Ninety percent of prescribed drugs were in accordance with standard treatment guidelines.

Conclusions Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies were widely used for thromboembolic disorders, with prescribing practices largely consistent with treatment guidelines and favorable treatment outcomes. However, polypharmacy, potential drug interactions and adverse drug reactions highlight the need for continuous prescription monitoring and individualized patient care.