Publication:

Prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis in an outpatient clinic at a teaching and referral hospital in Laikipia County, Kenya

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability globally, particularly among older adults. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya, OA represents a growing public health burden amid demographic transitions and lifestyle changes. Despite this, there is limited local data on its prevalence, correlates especially in rural communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of radiographic OA in patients at a Teaching and Referral Hospital in Laikipia.

Methods A cross-sectional study in an orthopaedic outpatient clinic was conducted for 4 months involving 194 participants aged ≥ 18 years. Systematic random sampling was employed. Data were collected using a structured researcher-administered questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical information. Anthropometric measurements were taken and imaging reports were reviewed to confirm OA diagnosis and severity. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics. Logistic regression models identified independent predictors of OA.  Informed consent and ethical approvals were obtained.

Results The overall prevalence was 32.5% (95% CI: 26.2–39.4). OA was significantly more common among females (61.9%), older adults (mean age 62.9±13.5 years) and those with comorbidities (60.3%). Nearly half (47.6%) were obese. The knee was the most frequently affected joint. Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age (AOR=1.094, p<0.001), obesity (AOR=6.190, p=0.008) and poor functional status (ECOG≥1) (AOR=8.393, p=0.001) were independent predictors.

Conclusions OA is highly prevalent in this rural setting. Advanced age, obesity and functional limitations are key predicting factors. Targeted screening prioritizing older patients and mandatory assessment of obesity and functional status are essential for timely management.