Publication:

Eruptive xanthomas: a warning sign of future hyperlipidemia complications

Eruptive xanthomas are localized lipid deposits in the skin or subcutaneous tissue that are associated with both primary and secondary hyperlipidemia. Typical presentation manifests as small yellow papules on the buttocks or extensor surfaces. Xanthomas can be diagnosed clinically with an extensive history and physical examination, however, can be confirmed via biopsy and histological findings. It is essential to identify the underlying cause of the skin lesions and take appropriate measures to prevent future hyperlipidemia-induced consequences. Here we report a 42-year-old female with eruptive xanthomas on her trunk and extremities. Previous visits to the primary care provider and emergency department resulted in diagnoses of viral exanthems. The consulted dermatologist ordered laboratory tests remarkable for extreme hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia. Lifestyle modification in conjunction with cholesterol and triglyceride lowering medications led to the resolution of abnormal laboratory findings and remission of eruptive xanthoma lesions.