Publication:

Differentials in vitamin D deficiencies among individuals with type 2 diabetes in an urban community in India

Background India’s geographical location, spanning from 8.4° N to 37.6° N latitude, suitably receives year-round sunlight. However, we see that studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Given the critical role of vitamin D in insulin biosynthesis and glucose metabolism, evaluating its status in individuals with type 2 diabetes is of particular clinical relevance. This study aims to examine the patterns and underlying determinants of vitamin D deficiency within this population.

Methods A retrospective cohort of 545 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2011 and 2021 is analysed. Ordered logistic regression is employed to assess the association between demographic, clinical, and metabolic factors and the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency.

Results Men had significantly higher odds of Vitamin D deficiency compared to women (OR: 0.66). Younger individuals diagnosed between the ages of 30-44 years were more likely to exhibit deficiency than those diagnosed at older ages (OR: 0.69 for 45-59 years; OR: 0.47 for ≥60 years). Poor glycemic control was strongly associated with increased odds of deficiency: patients with HbA1c levels of 7-8% and >8% had higher odds (OR: 1.46 and OR: 1.92, respectively) compared to those with levels <7%.

Conclusions The study highlights the need for targeted screening and management strategies to address Vitamin D deficiency, particularly among younger adults, men, and poorly controlled diabetic patients.