Publication:

Prevalence of pregnancy-related low back and pelvic girdle pain among women under antenatal care: insights from an Accra metropolitan survey

Background Pregnancy-related low back pain (LBP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP) are common health issues with a high global prevalence.  Despite its appalling morbidity, there is no discernible epidemiological data on the population in the context of Ghana. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of pregnancy-related LBP and PGP during antenatal care within the Accra Metropolis of Ghana.

Methods Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of three selected hospitals within the Metropolis were enrolled in the cross-sectional survey using a non-probability proportional quota sampling method. A data-capturing form, the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and the Oswestry disability index were incorporated into the Kobo Toolbox software and administered electronically.

Results The mean age of the 574 respondents was 28.5 (SD: ±5.68), and the respective prevalence of LBP and PGP were 51.4% (n=295) and 49.3% (n=283). Also, 62.0% (183) and 51.6% (146) of those with LBP and PGP rated their pain as moderate, respectively, on the NPRS. Generally, 153 (62.5%) rated their disability as moderate. Gestational age was strongly associated with the occurrence of LBP (χ²=36.7, df=2, p<0.001) and PGP (χ²=30.6, df=2, p<0.001). Pregnant women in their third trimester have higher odds of experiencing LBP (OR=3.84, p<0.001) and PGP (OR=3.6, p<0.001).

Conclusions The survey findings indicate a high prevalence of pregnancy-related LBP and PGP, which tends to be strongly associated with gestational age. Thus, healthcare providers should remain vigilant about these disorders during the later stages of pregnancy.