Publication:

When age becomes the risk factor: understanding catastrophic health expenditure among older adults in a resource limited setting

Background Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) remains a hindrance to equitable healthcare access for older adults in resource limited countries. Little is still known about the demographic contributions to CHE among aging population in Nigeria. This study examined the prevalence and predictors of catastrophic health expenditure among older adults and assessed the contribution of demographic characteristics to financial burden.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults receiving healthcare services at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary health facility. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditures were collected using a structured questionnaire. Catastrophic health expenditure was defined as out-of-pocket spending exceeding 20% of income. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify predictors of CHE.

Results The prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure was high which indicates financial vulnerability among the study population. Age emerged as the only predictor of catastrophic health expenditure. Older age was associated with increased likelihood of experiencing CHE.

Conclusions Catastrophic health expenditure is a major challenge among the study population and age stands out as an independent predictor of CHE. There is need for age-responsive health financing strategies and social security to mitigate the amplifying effect of aging on financial hardship.