Publication:

Gender differences in early outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery

Background Gender differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remain a matter of clinical concern despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care. Early postoperative complications significantly influence morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Objectives were to evaluate gender differences in early postoperative outcomes following CABG surgery.

Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at United Hospital and included 300 adult patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery. Patients were categorized into male (n=210) and female (n=90) groups. Demographic data, comorbidities, operative details, and early postoperative outcomes (during hospital stay or within 30 days) were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS; continuous variables were compared by independent sample t-test, categorical variables by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine independent predictors of early adverse outcomes.

Results Female patients were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). Early postoperative mortality, stroke, acute kidney injury, and prolonged mechanical ventilation were significantly higher among females (p<0.05). Women also had longer ICU and total hospital stay. Multivariate analysis identified female gender as an independent predictor of early adverse outcomes.

Conclusions Female patients were older and had more comorbidities, with significantly higher early complications and longer ICU and hospital stay. Multivariate analysis identified female gender as an independent predictor of early adverse outcomes.