Publication:

Demographic characteristics and risk factor profile of acute stroke patients

Background Stroke is a major contributor to mortality and long-term disability worldwide, with a growing burden in low- and middle-income countries. Inadequate control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors plays a central role in the rising incidence of stroke in these regions. Understanding the demographic profile and risk factor distribution among stroke patients is essential for effective prevention strategies. Hospital-based data provide valuable insight into existing gaps in risk detection and management. This study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and risk factor profile of patients presenting with acute stroke in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods This cross-sectional observational study included 100 patients with acute stroke admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Demographic variables, residence and major cardiovascular risk factors were documented using structured data collection tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results Most patients were aged 51-60 years (47%), with a male predominance (71%). Urban residents comprised 61% of cases. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (65%), followed by smoking (49%) and heart disease (29%). Among hypertensive patients, only 21.6% were regularly treated, while 33.8% were newly diagnosed at admission. Diabetes mellitus was present in 18% of patients, with 38.9% newly diagnosed. Coexisting hypertension and diabetes were observed in 13% of patients.

Conclusions Acute stroke patients exhibited a high prevalence of modifiable and inadequately controlled cardiovascular risk factors. Strengthening early detection and management of these risk factors is essential to reducing stroke burden.