Publication:

Gender-specific characteristics of acute myocardial infarction in the Grodno Region of the Republic of Belarus

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests significant gender-based differences in the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of MI. This study aimed to investigate gender-specific characteristics in clinical, laboratory, and angiographic parameters among patients with AMI in the Grodno Region of Belarus.

Methods This prospective study included 100 patients (50 males, 50 females) admitted with a diagnosis of MI to the Grodno Regional Cardiological Center between January and December 2025. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and coronary angiography findings were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with STATISTICA 12.0.

Results Female patients were significantly older than males at presentation (p<0.001). Inferior wall MI was more common in males (p<0.001), while females had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.02) and anemia (p=0.03). Laboratory analysis revealed significantly higher creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate in females, while males had higher glucose, and cardiac enzymes (AST, ALT, CPK-MB). Coronary angiography demonstrated a significantly higher rate of total coronary occlusion in males (p=0.001), despite similar distributions of affected vessels and revascularization strategies.

Conclusions Significant gender-specific differences exist in the clinical presentation, laboratory profiles, and angiographic characteristics of patients with MI. Females present at an older age with a distinct comorbidity profile, while males exhibit a higher burden of total coronary occlusion. These findings underscore the need for gender-tailored approaches in the risk stratification and management of MI.