Publication:

Functional outcome of discectomy (endoscopic vs open) for single level lumbar disc herniation

Background Lumbar disc herniation is a major cause of low back pain and radiculopathy in the working population. Open discectomy has been the gold standard surgical approach, but with advances in minimally invasive techniques, endoscopic discectomy is increasingly being adopted. This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes of endoscopic and open discectomy in patients with single level lumbar disc herniation.

Methods A prospective comparative study was conducted on patients with clinically and MRI-confirmed single level lumbar disc herniation refractory to conservative management. Patients were allocated to two groups: Group A underwent conventional open discectomy, and Group B underwent endoscopic discectomy. Outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Patients were followed at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed to compare intergroup differences.

Results A total of 30 patients were enrolled, with no significant difference in baseline demographics. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in ODI scores at all follow-up points (p 0.05).

Conclusions Both open and endoscopic discectomy provide effective pain relief and functional improvement in single level lumbar disc herniation. Endoscopic discectomy, however, offers advantages of minimal invasiveness, faster recovery, and reduced hospital stay, supporting its role as a favorable alternative to conventional open discectomy.