Publication:

Role of thymosin alpha-1 in improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with implantation failure

Background Implantation failure remains a significant challenge in assisted reproductive technology, with nearly 10–15% of couples experiencing recurrent issues despite multiple treatment attempts. Immune dysregulation is believed to contribute substantially to this condition. Thymosin Alpha-1, an immunomodulatory agent, may improve reproductive outcomes. This study evaluated its effectiveness as an adjunct therapy in patients with implantation failure in an Indian clinical setting.

Methods This retrospective study analyzed a prospectively maintained database of patients diagnosed with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) who received thymosin alpha-1 therapy. Demographic details, clinical characteristics, infertility profile, prior treatment history, dosing regimen and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated

Results A total of 102 participants were included. The mean age was 34.62±5.80 years and the mean BMI was 30.59±1.80 kg/m². The mean duration of infertility was 9.06±5.73 years. Pregnancy was achieved in 62 (60.8%) women following thymosin alpha-1 therapy, while 40 (39.2%) did not conceive. Most participants received 12 doses (58.8%), with a mean dose of 11.18 and median of 12 doses. The most common infertility etiology was diminished ovarian reserve (58.0%), followed by male factor (40.0%).

Conclusions Thymosin alpha-1 was associated with encouraging pregnancy outcomes, with 60.8% achieving conception. These findings suggest a potential benefit of immunomodulatory therapy in implantation failure; however, larger controlled studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.