Publication:

Determinants of contraceptive choices among young females in northern Nigeria

Background Reproductive health is vital to societal wellbeing, and in Nigeria, home to one of the largest youth populations, understanding the factors influencing contraceptive choices is crucial for improving access and uptake. This study assessed determinants of contraceptive choices and patterns of uptake among young female undergraduates in northwestern Nigeria.

Methods It was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted among 400 female undergraduates of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, pretested questionnaire administered by trained assistants. Analysis was performed with SPSS version 25.0.

Results Of 400 questionnaires, 360 were completed, yielding a 90% response rate. Most respondents were single and aged 21-25 years. The oral contraceptive pill (20.3%) and male condom (18.9%) were the most commonly used methods. Availability (32.2%) influenced method choice, while safety (34.7%) was the most important determinant of use. Although 70% reported easy access to contraceptives, primary sources were patent medicine stores (25.8%), partners (22.7%), and parents (17.2%). Barriers included inadequate knowledge of proper use (24.4%) and fear of side effects (28.3%). Broader impediments were personal reasons, limited information, health system gaps, and negative provider attitudes. Marital status significantly influenced contraceptive use (p<0.001), while both marital status (p=0.04) and residence (p<0.001) determined consistency of use.

Conclusions Contraceptive choice remains a key issue for young women. Enhancing availability, safety, clarity of use, and confidence in efficacy could substantially improve uptake among this population.