Publication:

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting to tertiary health care centre

Background Diabetes is a syndrome of hyperglycemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion. Association of metabolic abnormalities represents a highly atherogenic state promoting the formation and growth of atheroma plaques in arteries. Hyperinsulinaemia/insulin-resistance and the underlying consequences are associated with presence of cardiovascular risk factors even in the absence of diabetes. Present aim is to study the prevalence of Mets in type 2 DM.

Methods 100 patients with known diabetes were included. Data was collected with predesigned and pretested questionnaire. Data collected was history, clinical examination and investigations like CBC, KFT, LFT and lipid profile USG abdomen.

Results A total of 100 known type 2 diabetics were enrolled in this study. Forty-eight (48%) were females and fifty-two (52%) were males. The mean age of the study participants was 55.2 years. Seventy-seven (77%) were diagnosed to have Mets. Frequency of Mets increased with age. Risk of fatty liver in Mets was 10 times than that those with fatty liver in diabetes (odds ratio -10.65 with p<0.005). Low HDL was most frequent factor 83.11% and was equally distributed in both sexes. Hypertension was second most frequent factor 81.81% and was more prevalent in female.

Conclusions The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in type 2 DM is high in both genders and increases with age thus posing a potential high cardiovascular risk. The modifiable risk factors should be a focus point in the management of type 2 DM.