Publication:

Assessment of hearing loss in type II diabetes mellitus individuals

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with multiple microvascular and neuropathic complications. Emerging evidence suggests that diabetes may also affect the auditory system, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence and severity of hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to assess its association with disease duration and glycemic control.

Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at a tertiary care center over a period of 24 months (January 2023–January 2025). A total of 60 subjects were included, comprising 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of more than five years’ duration and 30 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. All participants underwent detailed clinical evaluation and hearing assessment using pure tone audiometry. Hearing loss was classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results Hearing loss was more prevalent among diabetic patients compared with controls. High-frequency sensorineural hearing loss was the most common pattern observed. A significant association was found between hearing impairment, longer duration of diabetes, and elevated HbA1c levels.

Conclusions Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss. Longer disease duration and poor glycemic control contribute to greater severity of hearing impairment. Routine audiological screening may facilitate early detection and management.