Publication:

Comparative analysis of renal impairment in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals at Kono government hospital, Sierra Leone

Background Non-communicable disease is of major concern affecting a significant portion of the global population. It is a serious and gradual condition marked by the progressive deterioration of kidney function. In recent years, Renal impairment has emerged as a clinically relevant and significant issue. The aim of this study was to compare analysis of renal impairment in individual with HIV, diabetes, and hypertension.

Methods This was a cross-section quantitative study. It was conducted from June to September 2024. A total of 275 participants were selected. Serum creatine and CD4 counts were measured in HIV-Positive individuals, and the eGFR was calculated using the CKD-Epi 2021 formula. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 16.

Results Among the study population, 158 participants (57.5%) were HIV-Positive, while 62 (22.5%) and 55(20%) were HIV-Negative individuals diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes, respectively. The overall prevalence of renal impairment was found to be 34.2% among HIV-Positive, 30.6% among hypertensive participants, and 38.2% among those with diabetes. Participants aged 31-40 years demonstrated a significant higher likelihood of renal impairment (AOR=5.37, 95% CI: 2.414-12.489), and for those over 50 years (AOR=4.93; 95% CI:1.491-16.351). Among diabetic participants, older age was also significantly associated with renal impairment (OR=6.379; 95% CI: 1.129-36.060). Furthermore, hypertensive females were identified as having an increased risk of developing renal impairment.

Conclusions The study highlights a concerning prevalence of renal impairment among participants, with age and gender as significant risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring renal function in at-risk populations.