Publication:

Functional outcome of displaced distal radius fractures treated with the five K-wire fixation technique: a prospective observational study

Background Distal radius fractures are among the most frequently encountered fractures in orthopaedic practice and can result in significant impairment of wrist function if inadequately managed. Although several surgical techniques are available for unstable distal radius fractures, the optimal fixation method remains controversial. The five K-wire fixation technique is a minimally invasive, cost-effective method that aims to provide stable fracture fixation while preserving soft tissue integrity and fracture biology. The present study evaluated the functional outcome of displaced distal radius fractures treated using this technique.

Methods A prospective observational study was conducted over one year among 30 adult patients with displaced intra-articular distal radius fractures managed with the five K-wire fixation technique. Fractures were classified according to the Frykman classification. Functional outcome was assessed using the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Fracture union, wrist range of motion and postoperative complications were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results The mean age of the participants was 44.13±14.22 years and 56.7% were male. Fall on an outstretched hand was the most common mechanism of injury (53.3%). Fracture union was achieved within 6–8 weeks in 86.7% of patients. The mean modified mayo wrist score improved significantly from 65.50±7.97 at 6 weeks to 76.60±8.77 at 3 months and 85.03±8.87 at 6 months (p<0.001). At final follow-up, 46.7% of patients had excellent functional outcomes, 36.7% had good outcomes and 16.7% had fair outcomes. Pin tract infection was the most frequent complication, occurring in 10% of patients.

Conclusions The five K-wire fixation technique provides satisfactory fracture union, significant functional improvement, acceptable wrist mobility and a low complication rate. It represents a safe, minimally invasive and economical treatment option for displaced distal radius fractures, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings.