Publication:

A study of feto-maternal outcome in cases of gestational diabetes mellitus

Background The aim of the study was to determine prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the community, demographic parameters like age at diagnosis, parity, complications related to gestational diabetes mellitus, and plan the management of gestational diabetes mellitus and to reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and fetomaternal outcome in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods In this prospective cross sectional study we included 120 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were studied for fetomaternal outcome. The study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 at department of obstetrics and gynecology, B. J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.

Results Total 120 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus were studied. It was observed that gestational diabetes mellitus were more common in elderly age group (54.16%), multigravida patients were most commonly involved (48.33%). Past history of gestational diabetes mellitus was present in 39.81% of cases, 68.34% of cases required insulin for glycemic control, 63.34% cases required delivery by Caesarean section, maternal complications like preeclampsia (20 cases), polyhydroamnious (44), uteroplacental insufficiency (10), macrosomia, sudden IUFD (7) and operative delivery were common outcome. 12 neonates developed respiratory distress syndrome, 17 developed hypoglycemia and 26 neonates required NICU admission, 12 neonates underwent perinatal mortality.

Conclusions Gestational diabetes mellitus has become a global public health burden. Early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus, timely referral, frequent antenatal visits, and management of the identified cases at tertiary care centers can lead to decreased maternal and feral morbidity and mortality.