Publication:

Role of gut microbiome in gestational diabetes mellitus, in South Indian population

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance first recognized during gestation. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome an intricate community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in metabolic health, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been implicated in the development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.

Methods This study was conducted to investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and GDM among pregnant women. A total of 124 pregnant women were enrolled, comprising 53 diagnosed with GDM and 71 healthy controls.

Results This study revealed significant gut microbiome dysbiosis in women with GDM, characterized by reduced microbial diversity (lower Shannon, Chaol, and Simpson indices; p 0.39, p≤0.002), suggesting a link between dysbiosis, hyperglycemia, and inflammation. Longitudinal analysis further showed worsening dysbiosis in late gestation, with Bacteroides increasing and Akkermansia declining by 36 weeks (p<0.01). The findings highlight the gut microbiome’s potential role in GDM pathogenesis in this population and support future interventions targeting microbial restoration.

Conclusions Evidence from the study findings underscores the significant role of gut microbiota in GDM pathogenesis.