Publication:

Association between body mass index in the first trimester of pregnancy and socioeconomic status with pregnancy outcomes

Background Maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy and socioeconomic status are important determinants of maternal and fetal health. Their interaction influences pregnancy outcomes, including complications, birth weight, and neonatal health, highlighting the need for early assessment and targeted interventions. To compare pregnancy outcomes in relation to different BMI levels in the first trimester of pregnancy, and to determine whether BMI is related to socioeconomic status.

Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bangladesh Medical University, during the period of February 2012 to July 2012. A total of 180 women were admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka. Participants who had fulfilled all inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study.

Results Low BMI mothers were younger (p=0.002), from low-income groups (p<0.001), and had more preterm births (p<0.001). They and their husbands showed lower education (p=0.05, p<0.001). High BMI mothers were older, delivered earlier (p<0.001), and had higher risks of preeclampsia (37.8%), eclampsia (5.4%), gestational diabetes (29.7%), and wound infection (8.1%). Anemia was frequent in underweight individuals (87%). Caesarean delivery was higher in high BMI (81.8%) and underweight (65.2%). Asphyxia, sepsis, and neonatal death were significantly higher (p=0.001).

Conclusion High BMI mothers were associated with low education status, low economic status, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, whereas low BMI mothers were associated with low education status and that of her husband, preterm delivery, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.