Publication:

Fetomaternal outcomes in term premature rupture of membranes: a prospective observational study from tribal Gujarat

Background Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term is a common obstetric condition associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications if not managed appropriately. The duration between membrane rupture and delivery plays an important role in determining fetomaternal outcomes. Early diagnosis, timely induction of labour and proper monitoring are essential to minimize infection and adverse neonatal events, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on 130 pregnant women with term PROM admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were performed according to a standardized protocol. Patients were monitored during labor and induction was carried out using prostaglandins, oxytocin, or misoprostol when indicated. Data regarding duration of PROM, mode of delivery, maternal complications, neonatal birth weight, APGAR scores, NICU admissions and neonatal complications were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results The majority of women belonged to the 21-25 years age group (41.54%), and most were from rural areas (93.85%). Vaginal delivery was achieved in 74.62%, while 25.38% required cesarean section, mainly due to fetal distress (39.39%). Most mothers had no complications (69.23%), although pyrexia occurred in 22.31%. Neonatal outcomes were generally favorable, with the majority of babies weighing 2.5-3.0 kg (43.85%) and having good APGAR scores at 5 minutes. NICU admission was required in 16.15% of neonates, with respiratory distress being the most common complication.

Conclusions Term PROM, when managed with timely induction, appropriate monitoring and prompt obstetric intervention, is associated with favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Early diagnosis and structured management protocols can significantly reduce complications and improve fetomaternal prognosis.