Publication:

Maternal and neonatal outcomes in induced versus spontaneous preterm labour: an observational study from a tertiary care centre in South Gujarat

Background Preterm birth remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. The clinical course and outcomes differ between spontaneous and induced preterm labour, making comparative evaluation essential for optimizing management.

Methods This observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in South Gujarat and included 300 women delivering before 37 weeks of gestation. Participants were categorized into spontaneous preterm labour (SPL) and induced preterm labour (IPL). Maternal characteristics, intrapartum variables and neonatal outcomes were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and independent t-test, with p<0.05 considered significant.

Results Induced preterm labour accounted for 56% of cases, while spontaneous labour constituted 44%. Higher maternal age was significantly associated with induced labour (p<0.001). Duration of labour was longer in IPL, whereas augmentation was more common in SPL (p<0.001). Caesarean section rates were higher in IPL. Maternal complications were comparable between the groups. Neonates born following SPL had lower Apgar scores, indicating poorer immediate condition, while respiratory morbidity was observed in both groups. Birth weight distribution did not differ significantly (p=0.324).

Conclusions Induced preterm labour is associated with higher operative delivery rates but allows better perinatal preparedness. Spontaneous preterm labour is associated with poorer immediate neonatal outcomes. Strengthening antenatal care and timely interventions are essential to improve outcomes.