Publication:

Anatomical diversity of brachial plexus with embryological and clinical perspectives: a review

The brachial plexus (BP) is the main neural source for the upper limb, and its anatomical variations are highly significant in clinical practice. ​ It is a complex network of nerves that plays a crucial role in providing motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb. ​ The clinical importance of the brachial plexus makes it essential for clinicians, surgeons, radiologists, and anaesthesiologists. ​Anatomical variations in its structure and connections with neighbouring nerves can complicate surgical procedures, diagnostic evaluations, and the management of nerve disorders. ​ Variations in the upper limb nerves, such as the absence of certain nerves, interconnections, or unusual pathways, are common anatomical occurrences that can greatly affect clinical diagnosis and treatment. ​ These variations may change innervation patterns or contribute to nerve compression syndromes, resulting in atypical clinical presentations. ​ This review highlights the prevalence of upper limb variations and their clinical significance, stressing the importance of anatomical knowledge for accurate diagnosis and treatment. ​ It also discusses the findings from recent studies and underscores the need for ongoing research to enhance diagnostic precision and surgical outcomes.