Publication:

Biochemical differences between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients

Background The COVID-19 pandemic presents a major global health challenge, with diabetes mellitus significantly increasing the risk of severe illness and mortality. This elevated risk is linked to the unique biochemical milieu of diabetes characterized by chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation which interacts synergistically with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the distinct biochemical and hematological differences between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients is crucial for improving clinical management and outcomes.

Methods This hospital-based comparative study was conducted at the COVID19 unit of M. Abdur Rahim Medical College and Hospital, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, from September 2020 to June 2021. One hundred confirmed COVID-19 patients (50 diabetic, 50 non-diabetic) were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected via questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for CRP, D-Dimer, and complete blood count at Popular Diagnostic Centre Limited, Dinajpur. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.

Results The study of 100 patients (50 diabetic, 50 non-diabetic) showed diabetics had markedly higher CRP (161.02 vs. 54.78 mg/l) and D-dimer (5.71 vs. 1.52 mg/ml). Hematologically, diabetics had elevated WBC (14.12 vs. 10.33), neutrophils (75.20% vs. 65.68%), and ESR (85.06 vs. 54.58), but lower lymphocytes (17.48% vs. 24.74%). Comorbidities like dyspnea (62% vs. 30%) and symptoms like fever (92% vs. 84%) were more prevalent in diabetics.

Conclusions Diabetic COVID-19 patients exhibit a more severe biochemical and clinical profile than non-diabetics, necessitating targeted monitoring and management.