Publication:

Changing trends in tracheostomy indications: a single-center observational study

Background The indications for tracheostomy have evolved, shifting from emergency airway obstruction to prolonged mechanical ventilation in intensive care settings. Objectives were to analyze the changing trends in tracheostomy indications and evaluate patient outcomes in a tertiary care center.

Methods A retrospective observational study of 40 patients who underwent tracheostomy. Data included demographics, indication, diagnosis, intubation-to-tracheostomy interval, complications, discharge condition, and follow-up outcomes.

Results The mean age was 53.5±18.1 years. Prolonged intubation/ventilation remained the predominant indication (55%; n=22). The mean interval between intubation and tracheostomy was 7.8±4.2 days. No intraoperative complications occurred. Ward complications were seen in 15% (n=6). At discharge, 55% (n=22) were discharged with a tracheostomy tube. During follow-up, 20% (n=8) were decannulated, 10% (n=4) died, and outcomes were unknown in 40% (n=16).

Conclusions Prolonged ventilation continues to be the leading indication for tracheostomy. The procedure demonstrates a strong safety profile. However, follow-up documentation remains inadequate and needs structured improvement.