Publication:

Association between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance among adults

Background Vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its role beyond bone metabolism, particularly in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Deficiency of vitamin D has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, a key pathophysiological mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between low Vitamin D levels and metabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to assess the association between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance among adults.

Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 adults aged 20-60 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. Participants were categorized into vitamin D deficient and sufficient groups. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, chi-square test, and regression analysis.

Results Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 56.7% of participants. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency had significantly higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values. A significant inverse correlation was found between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (r = -0.52, p<0.001), consistent with previous studies. Regression analysis identified vitamin D as an independent predictor of insulin resistance.

Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with increased insulin resistance. Early identification and correction of Vitamin D deficiency may help reduce metabolic risk.