Publication:

Clinicohistopathological study of lichenoid interface dermatitis

Background Lichenoid interface dermatitis (LID) represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory dermatoses characterized by immune-mediated basal keratinocyte injury and interface inflammation, often posing diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and histopathological features. The study was done to evaluate the clinicohistopathological features of LID, to identify the spectrum of clinical and microscopic findings, and to assess histopathological features useful in subtyping variants of lichenoid interface dermatoses.

Methods This was hospital-based observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, from March 2024 to September 2025. A total of 70 skin biopsy specimens clinically suspected and histopathologically diagnosed as LID were included. Biopsies were processed routinely, and 4-5 μm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Detailed histopathological evaluation was performed and correlated with clinical data. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 17/20, and results were expressed as percentages.

Results Out of the total of 70 cases, female preponderance was noted with male to female ratio as 1:1.33. Most patients belonged to the 31-40 years group of which most of the cases were diagnosed as classic lichen planus (44.3%). Most common site reported in the present cohort was lower limbs. Clinico-pathological concordance was seen in 80% of the cases.

Conclusions Meticulous histopathological examination, coupled with clinical correlation, is essential for precise diagnosis and subtyping, thereby fulfilling the study objectives and reinforcing the central role of histopathology in managing lichenoid interface dermatoses.