Publication:

A study of gall stone disease from a tertiary care center of Madhya Pradesh, India

Background Gall stone precipitation is multifactorial in nature. Nowadays, gallbladder disease is a frequent problem in developed countries including India, representing a major health problem. The present study was planned to study the epidemiology of gall stone disease in the region of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Methods A retrospective cohort of patients seeking surgical care for their gall stone disease during past one year at Sukhsagar Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during formed the study population. Study tools were records of the patients such as information from MRD department and records from histopathological section.

Results Majority (26.6%) of cases was in the age group of 51-60 years followed by 21.6% cases in the age group of 41-50 years. Sex wise 63.3% were females. Most (71.7%) patients presented with the complaints of pain in the region of hypochondrial region followed by nausea in 46.6%. Jaundice was the least common presenting feature shown by 6.6% patients. As per gross morphology, majority of cases (44) had pigmented stones. As per biochemical analysis, majority of cases (33) had mixed type of stones. The gall stones size varied from 0.2 cm to 2.2 cm in diameter. The weight of gall stones ranged from 0.34 gm to 4.9 gm.

Conclusions Cholelithiasis is more common in the age group of 41- 60 years with female predominance.  Non-vegetarians are at risk for cholelithiasis compared to vegetarians. Hypochondrial pain is most common manifestation. Chronic cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis. Mixed type stones were common variety.