Publication:

Outcomes of different types of urethroplasty in children with hypospadias: a prospective observational study

Background Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly of the male urethra, requiring surgical correction to restore function and appearance. Multiple urethroplasty techniques are used, with outcomes depending on anatomical severity and surgical expertise. Objectives were to assess and compare the outcomes and complications of various urethroplasty techniques performed for different types of hypospadias in children.

Methods A prospective observational study was conducted over five years (2019-2025) at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh. Ninety-two children (<15 years) undergoing hypospadias repair were included. Data on demographics, hypospadias type, surgical technique, and postoperative complications were analyzed using SPSS.

Results The majority of patients were aged 3-5 years (26%), with distal and mid-penile types being most frequent. The most commonly performed procedure was TIP urethroplasty (45.5%), followed by onlay (22.5%) and two-stage repairs (20%). Postoperative complications were observed in 25% of cases, with urethrocutaneous fistula (10%) and meatal stenosis (5%) being most frequent.

Conclusions The TIP (Snodgrass) technique remains the preferred procedure for distal and mid-penile hypospadias due to favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes and low complication rates. Two-stage repairs are suitable for proximal and chordee-associated cases. Early surgery and meticulous technique are key to optimal results.