Publication:

Clinical profile, risk factors and impact of maternal health on the outcome of infants under 6 months with severe acute malnutrition: a prospective observational study

Background Malnutrition in infants under 6 months (U6M) remains an under-recognized but serious public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. Many of these infants are born with low birth weight or face feeding problems in early infancy due to various issues. Maternal health and wellbeing also play major role in growth and development of infants.

Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 12 months (March 2024 to March 2025) at SSG Hospital, Baroda. Infants meeting World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for SAM were enrolled with parental consent. Data was collected through detailed clinical assessments, anthropometry, breastfeeding evaluation, and maternal health screening using BMI, Hb, and PHQ-2score.

Results From total enrolled 92 infants our study revealed a higher prevalence of SAM among males and infants aged 2–4 months and rural population. Important risk factors noted were low birth weight (57.6%), prematurity (11.95%), congenital malformation (18.47%), suboptimal feeding practices and maternal undernutrition or mental health concerns. Only 50% were on exclusive breastmilk while rest were on top milk, formula feeding or mixed feed which increased the risk of malnutrition. Majority mothers of these infants had low body mass index (BMI) (19.10%) and low Hb (85.40%) affecting their nutritional status. 50% infants were discharged while 30.43% were expired due to one or more complications.

Conclusion SAM in U6M infants is multifactorial, with significant contributions from maternal health and suboptimal feeding practices. Early identification, integrated infant-maternal care, breastfeeding support, and maternal nutritional interventions are essential for improving outcomes.

Conclusion SAM in U6M infants is multifactorial, with significant contributions from maternal health and suboptimal feeding practices. Early identification, integrated infant-maternal care, breastfeeding support, and maternal nutritional interventions are essential for improving outcomes. Health programs should provide more emphasis on early infancy care, optimal breastfeeding practices, maternal education and maternal nutrition.