Publication:

A study on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome among young subjects presenting with acute myocardial infarction

Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of mortality, with rising prevalence in both urban and rural populations. Atherosclerosis drives coronary heart disease (CHD), and its increasing occurrence in younger individuals underscores the need for early risk factor detection. This study evaluates the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Indian patients aged ≤45 years presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objective was to study the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in subjects 45 years or less having acute myocardial infarction in Indian patients.

Methods A cross-sectional study on 182 acute myocardial infarction patients ≤45 years excluded those with comorbidities. Statistical analysis assessed metabolic syndrome prevalence and component correlations, highlighting key risk factors contributing to young myocardial infarction in the Indian population.

Results The study found a mean patient age of 35.55±6.25 years, with males comprising 71.97%. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was 54.39%, significantly associated with smoking and alcoholism. Abnormal waist circumference, fasting sugar, triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), and elevated blood pressure were observed in 73.7%, 76%, 85%, 86%, and 45% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion There is high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among young patients with acute myocardial infarction and there is need for early identification and management of risk factors for prevention of MI in young population.