Publication:

Evaluation of risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus among women attending maternity and children’s hospital in Bisha, Saudi Arabia

Background This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women attending the maternity and children’s hospital in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. The goal was to identify risk factors for GDM and explore the experiences and challenges women face in managing the condition.

Methods A cross-sectional hospital-based study of 390 females was conducted in 2024. The qualitative and quantitative study captured sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and qualitative insights into women’s experiences with GDM.

Results The gestational diabetes rate was 16.4% among the studied group. The study identified younger age (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.12-4.10, p=0.021), underweight BMI (OR=3.27, 95% CI: 1.41-7.62, p=0.005), obese women (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.19-3.21, p=0.009), premature delivery (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.08-2.58, p=0.024),  family history of diabetes (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.01-3.00, p=0.048), and hypothyroidism (OR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.67-4.81, p=0.001) as significant risk factors for GDM. Women expressed stress, lack of understanding, and an urge for better support and communication with their care providers. They also mentioned problems in adhering to dietary restrictions and coping with social interactions.

Conclusions The research highlighted the importance of education, the role of health care guidance, and communication, to address the emotional and practical challenges that GDM faces. Addressing these areas is essential for enhancing maternal and child health outcomes.