Publication:

Quality of life in individuals with lower limb amputation: an integrative review

Lower limb amputation (LLA) is a life-altering condition that significantly affects the physical, psychological and social well-being of individuals. With the increasing global prevalence of LLA due to diabetes, trauma and vascular diseases, understanding the quality of life (QoL) among affected individuals has become essential. This integrative review synthesized evidence on QoL in adults with LLA and identified major influencing factors. A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2025. Peer-reviewed studies involving adult LLA patients and assessing QoL using standardized tools such as SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF were included. Ten eligible studies were critically appraised using JBI tools and narratively synthesized. The findings revealed that QoL among LLA patients was generally reduced, particularly in psychological and social domains. Important determinants included gender, level of amputation, prosthesis use, pain, comorbidities, and social support. Male participants and individuals with below-knee amputations reported better QoL outcomes. Prosthesis use and strong social support were associated with improved mobility, independence and overall well-being, whereas pain, comorbid conditions and lack of support negatively affected QoL. Cultural and regional differences also influenced QoL perceptions. The review highlights the need for holistic, gender-sensitive and culturally appropriate rehabilitation strategies, emphasizing psychosocial support, prosthetic accessibility and regular QoL assessment to improve overall well-being in LLA patients.