Publication:

Exploring the interrelation among sarcopenia, obesity and nutrition in older adults

Background The purpose of the study was to explore the interrelation among sarcopenia, obesity, and nutrition in adults aged 60 and older, focusing on how these conditions interact, the role of nutrition in their progression. It further seeks to examine the influence of physical activity and dietary patterns on these conditions to identify potential preventive strategies.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2025 on 172 older adults to examine the interrelation among sarcopenia, obesity, nutrition, physical activity, and Alzheimer’s disease. Sarcopenia, obesity, and Alzheimer's were assessed using the SARC-F, BMI, and AQ questionnaire respectively, while dietary intake was analyzed via 24-hour recall and FFQ, and physical activity was measured using the RAPA tool.

Results Among 172 older adults, a significant association was found between BMI and sarcopenia, with all overweight and obese participants being sarcopenic. Physical activity levels were significantly linked to both BMI and sarcopenia, with the majority of inactive individuals being overweight and also sarcopenic. No significant association was observed between sarcopenia and Alzheimer’s. Regression analysis indicated protein intake positively predicted cognitive scores, while calcium and iron had negative associations. Overall, participants had low energy, calcium, and iron intake, with dietary patterns dominated by rice intake and limited consumption of nutrient-dense foods.

Conclusions The study highlights that maintaining a healthy BMI, engaging in regular physical activity, and ensuring adequate protein intake are key to reducing the risk of sarcopenic obesity and cognitive decline.