Publication:

Incidence and correlation of oral cancer with tobacco and malnutrition in Asia: a comprehensive review

Oral cancer represents a significant public health burden in Asia, accounting for the majority of global cases. The region’s unique patterns of tobacco use and nutritional deficiencies contribute substantially to this disproportionate burden. This comprehensive review examines the incidence and correlation of oral cancer with tobacco use and malnutrition across Asian populations, analyzing regional variations, underlying mechanisms, and prevention strategies. We conducted a systematic review of current literature from PubMed, GLOBOCAN databases, and recent epidemiological studies focusing on oral cancer in Asian countries. Data on incidence rates, tobacco consumption patterns, nutritional status, and their synergistic effects were analyzed. Asia reported 248,360 new oral cancer cases in, with South Asia bearing the highest burden. Tobacco use, particularly betel quid chewing, remains the primary risk factor, with prevalence exceeding 50% in high-burden regions. Malnutrition, characterized by deficiencies in vitamins A, C, E, and micronutrients, significantly increases oral cancer risk through impaired immune function and reduced antioxidant capacity. The synergistic interaction between tobacco and malnutrition amplifies carcinogenic effects through oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation. Oral cancer in Asia requires urgent, multifaceted interventions combining tobacco control, nutritional supplementation, and early detection programs. Population-specific prevention strategies addressing both tobacco cessation and nutritional improvement are essential for reducing disease burden. Implementation of evidence-based policies and community-level interventions can significantly impact oral cancer incidence and mortality in Asian populations.