Publication:

Morbidity and socio-demographic profile of functionally impaired elderly and its impact on caregiver burden in Kerala

Background Aging populations increase the prevalence of functional impairment, leading to substantial dependence on informal caregivers and a high risk of caregiver burden. Understanding elderly characteristics and morbidity profiles, and how these influence caregiver burden, is vital. The objective of the study was to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and morbidity profile of functionally impaired elderly and examine associations with caregiver burden.

Methods Community-based cross-sectional study among 250 functionally impaired elderly and their primary caregivers in Thrissur, Kerala. Socio-demographic and morbidity data (self-report and clinical assessment) for elderly, and Zarit burden interview scores for caregivers, were collected and analysed. Associations were tested using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.

Results Out of the 250 elderly, more than half were females and widows. Mean age was 73 years. Common morbidities included visual impairment (52.3%), hypertension (35.2%), diabetes (34.8%), dementia (26%), and urinary incontinence (26%). A vast majority (91.2%) depended heavily on caregivers for their activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).64% of caregivers reported significant burden. Burden was significantly higher (p<0.05) among those caring for elderly with dementia, mental health issues, cancer, urinary incontinence, and those highly dependent for ADLs.

Conclusions Elderly with cognitive, psychiatric, oncologic, or incontinence-related morbidities and those highly dependent in ADLs contribute notably to caregiver burden, highlighting a need for targeted support.