Publication:

Knowledge, awareness on cervical cancer and attitude towards human papillomavirus vaccine among medical students in private medical institution: a cross-sectional study

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and the leading cause of cervical cancer, which significantly affects women in their reproductive age group. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India, with approximately 1,22,845 new cases and 67,480 deaths annually. However, HPV vaccines are still not included in the National Immunisation Program, even if they are very immunogenic, safe, well-tolerated, and very effective in preventing HPV infection.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among MBBS students from phase I to IV between March and May 2025 to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding HPV and cervical cancer. Data were collected using a structured Google-based questionnaire.

Results A total of 466 students participated, with a mean age of 18-24 years. About 57.6% were aware that cervical cancer can be detected early, and 66.9% identified Pap smear as the screening method. Overall, 76.8% demonstrated good knowledge of cervical cancer. However, gaps persisted: 70.1% knew cervical cancer is vaccine-preventable, and 66.9% were aware of vaccine availability in India, but 43.4% were unaware of the number of doses. Additional misconceptions included incorrect age of vaccination, need for prior screening, and limited awareness regarding vaccination in HPV-positive individuals. These findings were statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusions Despite moderate awareness, detailed understanding of HPV vaccination and screening remains inadequate among medical students, indicating a significant knowledge-practice gap. Key barriers to vaccination included lack of information, cost, fear of side effects, and concerns regarding efficacy.