Publication:

Anal canal adenocarcinoma due to human papillomavirus: unusual report of a case

Anal adenocarcinoma (AC) is a rare malignancy, accounting for only 5% of anal cancers, and presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its low incidence and limited data. The most common type of anal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, AC, particularly transitional type, has distinct clinical and biological profile. This case report discusses 66-year-old female with anal canal transitional adenocarcinoma associated with HPV, presenting with 2 cm tumor at anal verge. Diagnosis was confirmed through biopsy and imaging studies revealed no lymph node involvement. Patient underwent successful transanal resection with clear margins and post-op recovery was uneventful. Follow-up included regular clinical and imaging evaluations, with no signs of recurrence after 2 years. Treatment options for anal AC include local resection for small, well-differentiated tumors, and chemoradiotherapy for select cases. Prognostic factors such as age, tumor size and nodal involvement significantly influence survival outcomes. Continued research and case studies are necessary to refine treatment approaches and improve long-term patient care for AC.