Publication:

A study of etiopathological factors affecting oral malignancy

Background Malignancies of oral cavity are quite common in India and other developing countries. Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers and oral cavity is the second most common site of primary tumors involving head and neck. In this study, we studied etiopathological factors affecting oral malignancy with a view to determine a correlation between the host and environment and additional stress put on oral tissue by social and nutritional factors of population.

Methods A prospective study was conducted and data for the study was collected from patients presenting with oral malignancy/dysplasia. An informed written consent was taken from patient, and cases meeting the selection criteria were included in the study. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination were done in about 50 patients.

Results A total of 50 cases were studied over a period of 18 months. Among study subjects 64% were in the age group ≥50 years. Commonest site involved was buccal mucosa with a preponderance over right side. Chewing was a commonest addictive habits among study subjects. Histopathologically 98% of cases turned out to be “squamous cell carcinoma” of varying differentiation.

Conclusions Because of different life styles, habits and customs, poor oral hygiene among illiterates compared to literate’s oral malignancies are still a major health problem in developing countries like India. Timely surveys and registry programmes will give changing trends in such a grievous health issue.