Publication:

The epidemiological study of congenital anomalies and their possible risk factors in teaching hospital in MGM Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai

Background Congenital anomaly, a health problem in India, is a defective morphogenesis during early foetal life at cellular level. Purpose of our study was to determine the detection rate of congenital anomalies & their epidemiological predisposing risk factors with detailed history withdrawn among women visited in MGM Hospital, Kalamboli, Navi Mumbai, between May 2012 to May 2014.

Methods This is a Retrospective study. In this study period of 2 years, 69 pregnant women were diagnosed with congenital anomalies during their prenatal Ultrasonographic examinations. We studied these sonographic reports with the risk factors associated with occurrence of congenital anomalies.

Results Out of 2000 visited women, 69 were detected with congenital anomalies. Incidence rate was about 3.45%. Major &maximum  anomalies were found in CNS & Renal system. CNS-32.88%, renal-40.58%, multiple system anomalies-5.79%. Risk factors  mostly associated with these anomalies were age, race, residency, social status, H/O consanguineous marriage, H/O DM & GDM, literacy. Congenital anomalies were more seen in rural, low socioeconomic & illiterate population.

Conclusions Early diagnosis, prenatal evaluation, routine ANC care, better repo & good quality USG will be helpful for genetic counselling & clinical management.